/*

Voltaat learn (https://www.voltaat.com)

The function of this sketch is to connect the car to an application on your smartphone using

Bluetooth, allowing you to control its movement forward, backward, right, and left. Additionally,

you can turn on the front lights and control a buzzer mounted on the car remotely.

Connections from the Arduino to the breadboard:

• Arduino 5v pin → breadboard 5v line

• Arduino GND pin → breadboard GND line

The connections from the L298N motor driver to the breadboard:

• 5V pin from the motor driver → breadboard 5v line

• GND pin from the motor driver → breadboard GND line

The connections from the battery input to the motor driver:

• Positive terminal of the battery input → +12V port on the motor driver

• Ground terminal of the battery input → Ground (GND) port on the motor driver

Connections from Bluetooth Module:

• Bluetooth VCC pin → Arduino 5V pin

• Bluetooth GND pin → Arduino GND pin

• Bluetooth TX pin → Arduino pin 0 (RX)

• Bluetooth RX pin → Arduino pin 1 (TX)

Connections from the l298n motor driver :

• ENA pin → Arduino pin 5

• In1 pin → Arduino pin 11

• In2 pin → Arduino pin 10

• In3 pin → Arduino pin 9

• In4 pin → Arduino pin 8

• ENB pin → Arduino pin 6

The connections from the right motors:

• One terminal of the first right motor → One terminal of the second right motor → OUT1 port in the motor driver

• The other terminal of the first right motor → The other terminal of the second right motor → OUT2 port in the motor driver

The connections from the left motors:

• One terminal of the first left motor → One terminal of the second left motor → OUT3 port in the motor driver

• The other terminal of the first left motor → The other terminal of the second left motor → OUT4 port in the motor driver

Connections from the LEDs:

• Positive terminal of the first LED → 220-ohm resistor → Pin 2 on the Arduino board

• Negative terminal of the first LED → Ground pins on the breadboard

• Positive terminal of the second LED → 220-ohm resistor → Pin 3 on the Arduino board

• Negative terminal of the second LED → Ground pins on the breadboard

Connections from the buzzer:

• Positive terminal of the buzzer → Pin 4 on the Arduino board

• Negative terminal of the buzzer → Ground pins on the breadboard

*/

#define in1 11 // L298n Motor Driver pins.

#define in2 10

#define in3 9

#define in4 8

#define ENA 5

#define ENB 6

#define LED_PIN_1 2   // LED connected to pin 2.

#define LED_PIN_2 3

#define BUZZER_PIN 4 // Buzzer connected to pin 3.

int command; // Int to store app command state.

const int Speed = 200; // Fixed speed (constant).

int Speedsec; // Secondary speed for turning.

int buttonState = 0;

int lastButtonState = 0;

int Turnradius = 0; // Turn radius (unchanged, can remain for movement logic).

int brakeTime = 45;

int brkonoff = 1; // 1 for the electronic braking system, 0 for normal.

void setup() {

 pinMode(in1, OUTPUT);

 pinMode(in2, OUTPUT);

 pinMode(in3, OUTPUT);

 pinMode(in4, OUTPUT);

 pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT); // Built-in LED.

 pinMode(LED_PIN_1, OUTPUT);     // External LED pin.

 pinMode(LED_PIN_2, OUTPUT);     // External LED pin.

 pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);  // Buzzer pin.

 Serial.begin(9600);           // Set the baud rate to your Bluetooth module.

}

void loop() {

 if (Serial.available() > 0) {

   command = Serial.read();

   Stop(); // Initialize with motors stopped.

   switch (command) {

     case 'F':

       forward();

       break;

     case 'B':

       back();

       break;

     case 'L':

       left();

       break;

     case 'R':

       right();

       break;

     case 'G':

       forwardleft();

       break;

     case 'I':

       forwardright();

       break;

     case 'H':

       backleft();

       break;

     case 'J':

       backright();

       break;

     case 'U': // Turn LED on (O = ON).

       digitalWrite(LED_PIN_1, HIGH);

       digitalWrite(LED_PIN_2, HIGH);

       break;

     case 'u': // Turn LED off (X = OFF).

       digitalWrite(LED_PIN_1, LOW);

       digitalWrite(LED_PIN_2, LOW);

       break;

     case 'W': // Turn Buzzer ON (Z = Buzzer ON).

       digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH);

       break;

     case 'w': // Turn Buzzer OFF (M = Buzzer OFF).

       digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);

       break;

   }

   Speedsec = Turnradius; // Keep turning behavior.

   if (brkonoff == 1) {

     brakeOn();

   } else {

     brakeOff();

   }

 }

}

void forward() {

 analogWrite(ENA, Speed);

 analogWrite(ENB, Speed);

 digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);

 digitalWrite(in3, HIGH);

}

void back() {

 analogWrite(ENA, Speed);

 analogWrite(ENB, Speed);

 digitalWrite(in1, HIGH);

 digitalWrite(in4, HIGH);

}

void left() {

 analogWrite(ENA, Speed);

 analogWrite(ENB, Speed);

 digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);

 digitalWrite(in4, HIGH);

}

void right() {

 analogWrite(ENA, Speed);

 analogWrite(ENB, Speed);

 digitalWrite(in1, HIGH);

 digitalWrite(in3, HIGH);

}

void forwardleft() {

 analogWrite(ENA, Speed);

 analogWrite(ENB, Speed);

 digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);

 digitalWrite(in4, HIGH);

}

void forwardright() {

 analogWrite(ENA, Speed);

 analogWrite(ENB, Speed);

 digitalWrite(in1, HIGH);

 digitalWrite(in3, HIGH);

}

void backright() {

 analogWrite(ENA, Speed);

 analogWrite(ENB, Speed);

 digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);

 digitalWrite(in4, HIGH);

}

void backleft() {

 analogWrite(ENA, Speed);

 analogWrite(ENB, Speed);

 digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);

 digitalWrite(in4, HIGH);

}

void Stop() {

 digitalWrite(in1, 0);

 digitalWrite(in2, 0);

 digitalWrite(in3, 0);

 digitalWrite(in4, 0);

}

void brakeOn() {

 // Electronic braking system logic.

 buttonState = command;

 if (buttonState != lastButtonState) {

   if (buttonState == 'S') {

     if (lastButtonState != buttonState) {

       digitalWrite(in1, HIGH);

       digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);

       digitalWrite(in3, HIGH);

       digitalWrite(in4, HIGH);

       delay(brakeTime);

       Stop();

     }

   }

   lastButtonState = buttonState;

 }

}

void brakeOff() {

 // No braking logic here.

}

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